Hair-waving apparatus



Dec. 4, 1934. H, MEIER ET AL 1,982,684-

HAIR'WAVING APPARATUS Filed Dec. 6, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet l FIG.2

INVENTORS l//f/fl n Me/er Er/c Grandma/m ATTORNEY Dec. 4, 1934. j E E ET 1,982,684

HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Filed Dec. 6, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 v, III

lNVENTOR e/ man e/er' 'fr/ch Grandma/717 ATTORNEY Patented Dec. 4, 1 93 4 UNITED STATES HAIR-WAVING APPARATUS -Herman Meier and Erich Griindmann, West New York, N. J.

Application December 6, 1932,:Serial No. 645,934

46 Claims. (01. 132-36) This invention relates to hair-waving apparatus.

At the present time, there are in use a number of types of apparatus for imparting, in a single 5 operation, to substantially all the hair on the head of a person, a so-called permanent wave. Such apparatus, in most cases, is of the electrical type, thatis, the heat necessary for fixing the wave in the hair is derived from an electrical heater element made a part of the unit upon which the hair is wound. In the use of'such apparatus, after the hair has been saturated with a solution specially provided for softening it and rendering it amenable for setting into a wave, an electrical current is passed through the heater element.

The conjunction of the heat created and the tension under which the hair has been placed, results in fixing the hair into a desired wave form, which it assumes when released from the unit. Other apparatus has been used in which steam is the heating element. The hair, wound on a spool, is, with the spool, encased, and steam then passed through the casing and around the coil of hair on the spool. For the hair itself, the latter method is less dangerous than the electrical method. The electrical heater effects sharp drying of the hair. 'Each time the heaters are used, they must be heated from a cold condition; the temperature control is poor; the desire is ever present to speed up the several steps of the operation. Failure carefully to supervise the heaters at every instant may produce, and many times has produced, dangerous consequences. With a single waving, the flexibility of the hair fibres have been reduced enough to produce marked brittleness. This arises'not alone from the high temperature at which the hair literally is baked, but possibly even more so since the impregnated solution is, by the drying heat of the 40 electrical unit, dried into the hair. These facts present at least three points of desirability for the method in which steam is brought into direct contact with the hair, that is, (a) the maximum temperature to which the hair may be subjected is limited by the pressure of the steam since no superheating of the steam occurs, (b) the hair will, at all times, be in a moist medium, and (c) that moist medium will itself completely wash out of the hair, as the operation proceeds, all of such impregnated solution.

In such steaming apparatus as is used, steam is assured direct contact only with the outside layers of the hair portions coiled on the spool.

Where speedy and complete penetration of the steam to, the innermost wound layers is desired, the process is not entirely efiicient either for heating the hair or for completely rinsing the solution out of the hair.

Again, whereas, with electrical apparatus, there is ever-present the danger of electrical shocks as well as burns from the hot units, in the use of steaming apparatus, the danger arises, in many cases, that steam condensate, as well as steam itself, may'leak out, or otherwise be discharged, upon the patron whose hair is being waved. In many cases, as a natural result of the manner of production of steam, slugs of hot water are trapped in and go surging through the lines. Such'surging, in addition to making more possible leakage upon the patron, is undesirable for a number of other reasons, since the hot, moist gas itself is the. most efficient medium not only for imparting the proper heat, but also for properly and exactly,'and as a graduated operation, washing the solution out'of the hair.

For one object of the invention, it is, therefore, desired to provide apparatus in which steam, (a) used for heating the hair during the waving operation, (b) is delivered to members, retaining the hair coiled and housed, afterv the amount of entrained moisture has been reduced to a minimum. The heating medium acting upon the hair is thus a hot, but non-drying gas, itself acting gradually, and not suddenly, to remove impregnated solution from the hair.

For the efiectuation of these purposes, steam, after generation, is conducted through a suitably shaped conduit so that it will impinge, atsuitable points, upon conduit Walls. The slope of the walls at these points is sufiicient to precipitate on them from the gas; entrained moisture, and then to guide all such precipitated moisture back to the boiler without, in any marked degree, causing reentrainment. Such deformations may be located at any desired point in the conduit; preferably, the final stage of moisture separation occurs as close as possible to the point at which the steam finally enters the coiled-hair-retaining members. v r

In one form of apparatus functioning in accordance with the invention, the hair-retaining members are held suspended with relation to the head of the patron by means of a'support which conjointly functions as steam separating means; from this results a simple apparatus, cheaply manufactured, and capable of carrying into execution, without intricate mechanism, those purposes stated. The steam is delivered by this supporting conduit into a manifold, and, in order to enter a plurality of ducts, which are removed from the vicinity at which the conduit empties, must then pass along the manifold in a direction different from that of its entry. The conduit, in one construction, is caused to discharge into the manifold at its top and downwardly against a blank wall of the manifold. The steam makes practically a right angular change in its direction to move into the ducts. From these ducts, the outlets to the individual hair-retaining members lead out of the top. Therefore, steam, to get to the members, must first move downwardly to get into one end of the ducts; then, to get out of the ducts, it must move laterally along the ducts, and then upwardly to twistinto the outlets.

The resultant of all these twists and turns immediately before the steam is delivered to the members is practically complete precipitation from the gas of moisture which has been entrained. Such separated moisture, collecting in the bottom of the manifold, may be run off through an outlet which permits continuous or intermittent communication with a drain. In the case of continuous communication, the capacity of the outlet may be made sufliciently small that it will accommodate only the small amount of moisture which collects during continuous operation, in order that live steam may not be lost through such outlet.

In conjunction with apparatus of this type, it is an object of the invention to carry the steam-separating apparatus and the hair-retaining members from a portable casing which not only may serve to house the steam making apparatus, but also, by its relationship to the conduit, will function as a counterbalance for conduit and hair-retaining members. The conduit is constructed so that the hair-retaining members, when not in use, may be located immediately over the portable member or, for use, they can be extended beyond the cabinet, which acts as a counterbalance in either case.

The portable cabinet may house those elements used by a hair-dresser during his work with the apparatus. The cabinet top, by construction of the cabinet and arrangement of the conduit, provides a platform or table handily arranged for the hair-dresser while at work. In this way, a simple, self-contained apparatus, having a low center of gravity and capable of being moved easily from point to point, and of being arranged for use in the manner indicated, is provided.

It is an object of the invention to provide hairwaving apparatus including a member by means of which the hair may easily be coiled and then be retained so that steam will be compelled to pass through the coiled hair and into direct contact with substantially all the hair fibres, and this without the danger of leakage either of steam or hot water onto the patron. Apparatus of this character, while especially adapted for croquignole winding, the highly preferred method of producing a permanent wave in the hair, within certain of its elements, may also be applied for other forms of winding. Spiral winding, one of these other forms, as the hair-dresser well knows, produces a wave whose undulations are practically uncontrollable and actually not predeterminable; such a wave is produced generally with considerable pain to the patron. A part of the hair is first twisted hard into a rope; then the rope is helically wound on a stick. The

free ends of the hair as well as the end near the scalp must be retained in the twisted condition. At the latter end, perhaps as much as at any other portion of the rope, the twisted, rounded condition must be maintained, with consequent tension and tearing action upon the roots.

On the other hand, incroquignole winding, a flat layer of hair, separated from the whole body of hair, is wound fiat upon a spool and continuously upon itself, one layer immediately over the other. No twist is required; no rope is formed. The wave which results is uniform, and easily controlled by the hair-dresser.

In the particular hair-retaining member, the spool upon which the hair herein is wound has a hollow core, from which a plurality of passages are directed to, and open at, the outer surface of the spool. An inlet tube discharges into the hollow core, the connection of tube and hollow core being such that the spool may be rotated upon and relatively tothe inlet tube. Rolling of the hair upon the spool, in the manner of croquignole winding, or of the rope in spiral winding, may thus be effected merely by rotating the spool without interference from the inlet tube which can, during such winding, be shifted so that it may not harm the head.

The spool, with the hair properly and sufficiently wound upon it, is assembled within a casing in such manner thatthe spool and the casing and the hair on the spool will be retained against relative rotation or unwinding. For that purpose, the inlet tube is turned sharply at an angle to the axis of the spool, and preferably at a right angle. The bent portion extends beyond the effective scope of the casing and is received intermediately between the edges of walls of the casing, which, when brought together, serve to lock the portion in position. A stuffing box, sealing the joint of inlet tube and spool, by its frictional contact with the tube, will sufficiently brake unwinding of the hair from the spool. Therefore, the simple operations of seating the spool within the casing and closing. the casing over the bent portion locks the spool against unwinding, and locates a steam inlet for the cas- 121) mg.

The casing construction includes a discharge outlet for spent steam. With the spool assembled in the casing, and the casing arranged on the head, both inlet and outlet extend away from 125 the head so that the danger of hot steam or water discharging upon the patron is eliminated as well as the removal of these hot tubes from possible contact with the scalp effected. Toward the scalp, there is presented substantially only a fiat surface of the casing.

The casing has peripheral. flanges extending inwardly from the edges which are brought together when the casing is closed. These flanges serve to retain moisture, remaining within the casing at the end of an operation, against accidentally spilling or otherwise being discharged from the casing. The step of separating the waving device from the hair is thereby relieved of the danger present in other steam-waving apparatus since any condensate from the device will be retained within the casing. The flanges carry suitable means producing tightly sealed joints at all edges and about the projecting inlet tube when the casing is closed.

Other objects of this invention will hereinafter be set forth, or will be apparent from the description and the drawings, in which are illustrated embodiments of apparatus for the effectuation of the invention.

line 66 of Fig. 5;

The invention, however, is not intended to be restricted to any particular construction or arrangement of parts, or to any particular application of such construction, or to any specific manner of use or operation, or to anyof various details thereof, herein shown and described, as the same may be modified in various particulars or be applied in many varied relations without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed invention, the practical embodiments herein illustrated and described merely showing some of various forms and modifications in which the invention might be embodied.

On the drawings, in which the same reference characters refer to the same parts throughout, and in which are disclosed preferred embodiments:

Fig; l is a perspective View of steam hairwaving apparatus involving features of the inven tion;

Fig. 2 is a view in perspective, illustrating the arrangement of a hair-retaining steamer on the head of a person whose hair is to be waved, the steamer embodying features of the invention;

Fig. 3 is a front elevational View of the apparatus, and mainly of the portable cabinet, the doors being removed and the boiler being broken away, to illustrate the relative arrangement of several elements of the apparatus;

Fig. 4 is a detail vertical sectional view, on the line 44 of Fig. 3, of a portion of the cabinet, illustrating the relative arrangement of boiler, conduit, the drain manifold associated with the cabinet, and other elements of the assembly;

Fig. 5 is a plan View of a manifold used to de-' liver steam to the hair-retaining steamers, and for separating steam and moisture;

6 is a transverse sectional view, on the Fig. 7 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view, on the line 7--7 of Fig. 8, of a hair-retaining spool and its associated casing, illustrating their construction and relative arrangement j and Fig. 8 is a transverse sectional view, on the line 8-8 of Fig. 7.

Steam hair-waving apparatus 10, of a type embodying features of .the invention herein, is illustrated assembled and ready for use. In the structure shown, an upright 12 extends from and is carried by a cabinet 14. The cabinet may be carried upon rollers 16. The upright, at its upper end, provides a bracket arm 18 for holding sus pended, at a predetermined distance above the cabinet and, when desired, beyond the extent of its wall, a manifold 20. A plurality of delivery tubes 22 receive steam from the manifold, and are carried by and depend from it. Each delivery tube, at its free, depending end, is provided with a connector 24. This connector preferably is of metal and has a conical seat for reception upon the tapering plug 26, of an inlet tube 28 by which physical connection is made to a hair-retaining steamer 30. An outlet 32 from each steamer may itself be connected, by insertion, into an opening 33 of a drain manifold 34, of a flexible tube 35 leading away from the outlet. The manifold, by suitable means, may be connected to a sump or drain (not shown).

Cabinet 14 preferably forms a housing for a boiler 36, supported, in any suitable manner, within the cabinet on shelf 38. Boiler 36 is small enough, in proportion to the size of the cabinet, so that space will be provided within the cabinet for other purposes. Brackets 40, retaining the boiler, and with the boiler,'are positioned as far back on shelf 38 as possible, as shown in Fig. 4. The rest of the shelf, as well as bottom wall 42, are thus made available for storage of necessary appliances, such as scalp protectors, the various hair-retaining steamers 30, and the like. Top" 44, by the cabinet construction, islocated conveniently' with relation to tubes 22,- when the latter are extended as shown in- Fig. 1, so that the hair-dresser may have a tray conveniently located for use during this work.

An electrical unit 46 within the boiler, deriving its power through a control such as switch 48, may be used to heat the body of water 50, in the boiler and supplied to it through means such as funnel 52, inlet valve 54 and delivery pipe 56. The boiler may-be provided with customary level indicating apparatus 58 including gauge glass 60, a steam pressure gauge 62, and a drain-off 64.

Leading out of the boiler, and preferably from its topmost portion, is a conduit 66. Either as an integral portion of the boiler, or as a separate member located within or externally of the boiler, but between the inlet to conduit 66 and the body of liquid 50. within the boiler, is a baffle plate 68. This plate may take any desired form; in the structure shown, it is a horizontal member sealing off the top of the boiler but having a plurality of perforations '70 formed therethrough. As.

steam is generated within the boiler and flows up to bafile 68, surging will occur. At the bafiie, however, the greater portion of entrained moisture will be separated from the steam, the moisture returning to liquid body 50.

Beyond the baiiie plate, steam and such moisture as may have escaped the action of the baffle plate enter conduit 66 to be led through top 44 up to a control valve '72. The conduit, at 74, is caused to bend rearwardly of the cabinet to pass through top 44 closely adjacent its rear edge. In addition to bringing upright 12 as close to the patron as possible, the deviation in the conduit provides a means for separating from the steam j moisture entrained in it. Yet, due to the slope of such deviation, such precipitated moisture may drain back without being re-entrained.

. Valve 72 preferably is of the through-gate type; immediately adjacent it and into which it leads is a union '76. This union may be arranged to provide a swivel joint by means of which upright 12 may be rotated to bring manifold 20 into the extended relation of Fig. 1, or into a position in which it may be positioned directly over the cabinet.

Conduit 66, beyond upright 12, terminates in bracket arm 18, which extends laterally away from the conduit. While upright and bracket arm may be substantially a unitary member, in one instance, it is desired that the connection of upright and bracket arm be made by a leak-proof joint 78 which, while it permits relative pivoting movement of uprightand bracket in a vertical plane, has sufficient frictional resistance to such movement to retain the parts in any relationship to which they may have been adjusted. By means of such a joint, the arm may be raised or lowered to arrange the ends of tubes 22 properly for use on the head of a patron.

Arm 18 includes, intermediately thereof, an upwardly inclined portion 80. This portion, just as bend 74, operates upon steam to cause a change in its directional movement, with consequent separation, to a marked degree, of moisture from the steam. Due to the slope given portion 80, the moisture will be enabled to drain back through the arm and into the conduit, and then to return along the walls of the conduit to the boiler. In this manner, the precipitated moisture is removed out of immediate contact with the steam, the movement of which is either along the top wall or through the center bore of conduit and arm.

The end of the arm terminates in a downwardly directed inlet 82 to manifold 20. The manifold, in this particular case, is shown in the form of a cross, that is, a plurality of tubes 84 unite at a central portion at which inlet 82 discharges. Bores 86 of the tubes lead angularly, and preferably perpendicularly, Bores 86, therefore, receive steam from inlet 82 only after the steam, in every case, has made a sharp angular change in the direction of its path, and, in this case, a change of at least ninety degrees.

Each tube 84 has a plurality of outlets 88 formed therein at a substantial distance above its horizontal axis.- To each outlet, a tube 90 is secured; such tube is bent angularly so that, although portion 92, connected to tube 84, leads upwardly, a receiving end 94 is directed downwardly and provides for attachment of a flexible tube 22. Steam, therefore, not only must perform the right angular change of direction when it moves from inlet 82 into bore 86, but also it must again change its path of movement to an upward one in order to enter outlets 88. From these changes of direction, marked separation of moisture from the steam will result.

Such separated moisture, draining down to the bottom of the bores, will flow back to the central portion of the manifold. An outlet 96 may be provided from the bottom of the manifold at this point; if desired, a pet-cook 98 may be included with the outlet to control flow therethrough. Preferably, either in association with pet cock 98, or as a separate outlet from the bottom of the central portion, there leads away a tube 100; such tube may, if desired, be bent to form a moisture trap 102. The bore of this tube is proportioned so that very little steam, if any, will be enabled to escape through this member; especially will this be true if condensate from bores 86 flows into and fills tube 100. In that case, the resistance of the condensate will suiiiciently prevent throughpassage of steam, and prevent material loss of steam. Tube 100 may be connected by any suitable means to drain manifold 34, or to any other drain.

Each hair-retaining steamer 30 includes a spool 104 and a casing 106. The spool, preferably of metal, comprises a hair-winder 108 which has a passage or bore 110 extending lengthwise thereof. A plurality of orifices 112 communicate with the bore and lead to the outer surface 114 of member 108. As shown in Fig. '7, member 108 may be formed with a concaved intermediate section 116. The hair, aft-er winding on the spool and by rea son of this concavity, will conform to substantially a flat outer surface.

While one end 118 of bore 110 is closed, the other end opens at a screw-threaded extension 120. Tube 28 has an end 122 thereof bent substantially at right angles to its major portion. Upon this bent end there is assembled a screwthreaded packing nut 124 for engagement with extension 120, the opening 126 through the nut being snug upon tube 28 but permitting movement of the nut along the tube. terial 128 may be seated withinrecess 130 in nut 124. When nut 124 is threaded down on threaded extension 120, after the free end 132 of end 122 has been inserted within the open end of bore 110,

away from the inlet.

Packing ma-.

the joint of nut, end 122 and bore 110 will be" packed against steam or water leakage. At the same time, tight frictional engagement, resisting but not preventing relative rotation of tube 28 with relation to member 108, is attained. Such frictional engagement will be sufficient to prevent relative longitudinal movement of tube 28 and member 108.

Casing 106 preferably consists of a pair of sections-134. Herein these sections are shown hingedly connected at 136, although the two sections might be arranged other than so permanently retained associated. The sections, when closed together as shown in Figs. 7 and 8, form a chamber 138 within which a member 108 may be housed. In the structure of the drawings, the sections are each shown as substantially semi-cylindrical in cross-section. One of sections 134, and preferably the bottom section, has the outlet 32. The tube constituting outlet 32 is formed with an angular bend 140, the purpose of which will appear further hereinafter.

Free edges 142 of the sections are, in each instance, provided with inturned flanges 144 which may be formed from the same metal or by the application to the edges of a flat strip of metal. Applied directly to each flange 144 may be a gasket or rubber strip 146. When the sections are brought together, the strips seat against each other and serve to seal these edges against moisture escape or discharge of steam. Some suitable devices, such as resilient catches 148, may be used for retaining the sections in closed relationship, these catches operating to place the strips under pressure and, either due to their resilience or by elements of their construction, compensating for wear of strips 146.

When member 108 is located in the casing, tube 28 is located so that it extends between edges 150. The gaskets, at these points and also the walls of the sections, are deformed to provide an opening 152 through which the end may extend. The end and the tube are thus locked against rotation relatively to the casing. Extending plug 26 may then have attached to it, in the mannerindicated, an end of a tube 22.

Gaskets 146 are designed, in this particular instance, so that, even though the sections be hinged to each other, a snug, moisture-sealed fit will be formed by the abutted edges not only along rear edges 150 adjacent the hinges, but also at front edges 154 past which hair 156 extends into chamher 138. Edges 154, with the hair between them, are separated somewhat more than edges 150. The formation of hinge joint 136 and the thickness of the gasket along edges 150 are, for this reason, constructed so that such greater separation at front edges 154 is permitted. When edges 154 are clamped together by means of catches 148, the hair, clamped along these edges, is retained against escape from the apparatus, while no direct pull is applied to member 108.

To retain the hair upon member 108 after it has been wound thereon, a spring clasp 158 may be provided. This clasp may be a piece of spring metal, shaped to conform substantially to the contouring of member 108. When seated over the hair wound upon member 108, the clasp will clamp the hair against any separating movement. The clasp preferably has a plurality of perforations 150 formed there'through to permit steam, discharging from orifices 112, to pass through hair 156 and then to escape into chamber 138.

In operation, the hair is parted in the customary manner, and each separated portion is such hair-steaming apparatus is embodied in a wound upon a member 108. When that member 108 approaches the scalp, tube 28, may be rotated in its packing box so as not to interferewith the operation and to move it out of possible contact with the scalp. Scalp protectorsmay be positioned at the ends of the coiled hair in the customary manner. When winding the hair on member 108 has been completed, that is, the.

hair has been wound on the member up to and as close to the protector element as possible, casing 106 is positioned to envelop member 108 and its associated tube 28. As shown in Fig. 2, for this purpose, the casing has edges 154 positioned adjacent the scalp so that outlet tube 32 will extend away from the head as will also tube 28. Bend 140, insuch arrangement, will function to dispose the heated metal of the tube out of con-, tact with the scalp at all times during the operation.

Now a tube 22 is connected to each tube 28; a drain tube is connected to each outlet tube 32, and its end inserted into drain manifold 3%. After the necessary number of steamers 30 have been arranged in the manner indicated, valve '72 I may be opened. Steam then passes through conduit 66, after having been separated from moisture at baffle plate 68.. At arm 18 and in manifold 20, substantially complete separation of moisture from steam will be effected. The steam will finally pass through tubes 22 and through members 108 into casing 106 and then out to drain manifold 34. Of course, such of the solution as may be washed out of the hair by the steam will drain off easily through the downwardly directed outlet tube 32. After sufficient time has elapsed, the casings are opened. At this time, the flanges will function to prevent any moisture escaping from the sections and will retain such moisture against dripping over the patron.

' In. apparatus of this character, it is to be noted that the complete heating operation has been reduced to a period of less than five or six minutes. The high temperature of the steam is immediately available; no delays in waiting for the also to be noted that the danger to the patron,

both to her person and to her hair, has been eliminated, since all possible escape of steam as well as of moisture is avoided. The hair itself, in the short time necessary to wave it, is'entirely simple, compact structure, the units disposed on the head of the patron are of no considerable.

weight; the danger of scalding or electric shocks is removed.

- =invention intended to'be defined in the claims, the specific description hereinbeing to illustrate operative embodiments carrying out the spirit of the invention.

What is claimed as new and useful is .2; 1. In a portable apparatus for waving'hair by,

within the casing for generating the steam used in the hair-waving operation, a support extenda ingupwardly from the casing, a manifold carried by the end of the support beyond the casing, and a plurality of attaching elements depending from the manifold, the elements providing means for placing hair-retaining waving devices in com munication with the manifold, thesupport providing a conduit for conducting steam from the boiler to the manifold, the top of the casing being positionedat normal table height and being located a predetermined distance below the manifold and providing means for use in conjunction with'the hair-retaining waving devices to facilitate assembly .of the latter in relation to the hair to be waved, the support being capable of move- I ment to position the elements immediately over the casing top or extending beyond the position of the casing top.

2. In a portable apparatus for waving hair by steam, consistingv of a portable casing, a boiler I within the casing for generating the steam used plurality of. attaching elements depending from,-

the' manifold, the elements providing means for placing hair-retaining waving devices in communication with the manifold, the casing being mounted on means to make the apparatus readily I portable and itself providing a stabilizing means for the support, the manifold and the elements" associated therewith, the support providing a conduit for conducting steam from the boiler to the manifold, the top of the casing being positioned at normal table height and being located a predetermined distance below the manifold and pro viding means for use in conjunction with the hair-retaining waving devices to facilitate assembly of the latter in relation to the hair to be waved.

3. In aportable apparatus for waving hair by steam, consisting of a portable casing, a boiler within the casing for generating the steam used in the hair-waving operatiomthe casing providing means for housing accessories for use in conjunction with the apparatus, a support extending upwardly from the casing, a manifold carried by the end of the support beyond the casing, a plurality of attaching elements depending from the manifold, the elements providing means for placing hair-retaining waving devices in communication with the manifold, the casing being mounted on means to make the apparatus readily portable and itself providing a stabilizing means for the support, the manifold and the elements associated therewith, the support providing a conduit for conducting steam from the boiler to the manifold, the top of the casing being positioned at normal table height and being located a predetermined distance below the manifold and providing means for use in conjunction with the hair-retaining waving devices to facilitate assembly of the latter in relation to the hair to be waved, and a drain manifold mounted on the casing immediately below the casing top, the drain manifold providing means for anchoring the outlets from the several hair-retaining waving devices. and a sump for moisture and steam discharge from the devices.

4. In apparatus for waving hair by steam, the apparatus comprising a steam generator including from the'boiler, an outwardextension'for the conduit, a manifold secured to the 4 extension and thereby supported to sustain it at a'predetermined distance above :and in position relative to the head of one whose 'hair' is.to be waved,

, ative to' the head of one whose hair is to be waved,

and angularly upwardly directed deviations in the conduit and the extension to cause precipitation of moisture from steam passing .through the conduit and the extension.

5. In apparatusfor waving hair bysteam, the apparatus comprising a steam generator including aboile'r; a .steam conduit leading upwardly away from the boilerya manifold secured to the upright andthereby'supported "to sustain it at a predetermined distance above and inposition relative to the head of one whose hair is to be waved,

' substantially dry steam: to the conductors for the waving operation;

6. In'apparatus for waving hair bysteam, the:

apparatus: comprisinga steam generator includ-.

ing ;;a "boiler; a isteam" 'conduitileading *upwardly away'from the boiler,a'manifoldxsecured to the upright and thereby :supported to sustain it "at a'predetermineddistanceabove and in'position relative to the h'eadoffone whose hairds .to be waved," and "a plurality: of "steam conductors .for the reception of dejvic'es-to retain. the hair forithe curling" operation; the conductors communicat ing with the manifold, at the. upper portion there of, and the conduit communicating ';'with" the. manifold-so that steamdischarged into the mani fold by the conduit must 'strike "against a blank 1 the extension and thereby supported-for posiwall' of the manifold beforeit can travel 'to the inlets "tothe conductors;

'7. In apparatus for Waving hair 'by "steam; the apparatus comprising asteam generator includtubular member secured to the upright and there bysupported to sustain it" at apredetermined distance above "and -in"positionrela'tiye "to t the head of one whose hair is to bewavedyand'a plu= rality of steam conductors for the 'receptioniof" devices to retain the "hair for the "curling opera-1 tion; the-conductors communicating with the 'tu= bular =member at theupper-portion thereof, and" outlet at the bottom .point of the junction of the tubular member substantially medially of the top" portion thereof {between sets'of "conductor inlets," and spaced away from'the points of entryinto the" conductors from-the-tubular "member, so that steamfromthe conduit must-move downwardly into the tubular member, along the member-and" then upwardly into the inlets to the conductors."

- Inapparatus for wavinghair by steam; the

the conduit being incommunication with the apparatus comprising a steamgenerator including a boiler; a-steamconduitleading upwardly away fr'omthe boiler, a manifold 'secured'tothe upright and thereby supported to sustain it at a predetermined distance above and in position'-relative to the head of one whose hair is to bewaved; a plurality of steam conductors for'the reception" of devices to=retairithehair for-the curling-operation, the conductors communicating=with'the" manifold at the upper'portion thereof', and-ana boiler, a steam conduit leading upwardly away 9. In apparatus for waving hair by steam; the" "apparatus comprising asteam generator includ ,ing a-boiler, a steam conduit leading-upwardlyaway from the boiler,"a manifold secured'to the upright and therebysupported to sustain it'at a predetermined distance above and in position'rel a plurality-of steam conductors for the reception of devices to'retain the hair for the curling-op eration; the conductors communicating with-the ,from the manifold, and an outlet at the bottom" of the manifold'and'direotly opposite the conduit;

the outlet being substantially minute in crosssection.

10. In apparatus for waving hair by steam, the

apparatus comprising a'steam generator including a boiler,' a steamconduit leading upwardly away from the boiler, an outwardly andthen' aplurality of tubularmembers extending 'sub-' stantially horizontally away from the outlet fromthe extension and thereby supported for posidownwardly "directed extension for the conduit,

tioning them-at a predetermined'distance above and in relation-to'the head of one whose hairis to be waved,and.a plurality'of steamconductors" for the reception of devices to retain the hair for the curling operation; the. conductors communicatingiwith the tubular members at the'upperportion thereof.

11.. In apparatus for wavinghair by steam; the

apparatus comprising a steam generator includinga boiler, a steam: conduit leading upwardly,

awayfrom the boiler," an outwardly and then downwardly directed extensionfor "the conduit, a-

plurality of tubular members extending sub-- stantially horizontally away from the outlet from deviations in the conduit to 'cause precipitation of moisture from steam passing 'through'the 'conduit and the extension, a plurality of steam" conductors for the reception of devices to'retain the hair for' the curling operation; the conductors communicatingwith the tubular. members-at the upper portion'thereof, so that'fsteam' from the conduit must move downwardly into the tubular members, along the members and then upwardly into theinlets to the conductors, and. an

tubular members and directly: opposite the con-v cross-section.

12. In the art of waving hair by passing steam through the .coiled hair, a device for retaining the hair-in coiled condition and for guiding the steam with relation to the hair so coiled, the device including a member on which the hair is to be "wound; a casing for the member, the casing receiving the memberoand the coiled hair thereon and providing a moisture-proof seal for hair and member, steam being admitted to the casing through the member and the member being formed for passage of steam therethrough'and to direct the steam through the hair coiled thereon, and an outlet from the casing for spent steam after it has acted upon the hair.

duit, the outlet being substantially minute in 13. In the art of waving hair bypassing steam steam with relation to the hair so coiled, the device including a member on which-the hair is to be wound, a casing for the member, the casing receiving the member and the coiled hair thereon, the member having a passage extending therethrough, and an extension therefrom, a plurality of discharge orifices opening at the outer surface of the member on which the hair is wound and communicating with the passage, the extension providing a supply conduit for the passage, the extension, when the member is assembled in the casing, extending outside of the casing, the casing, when closed, providing a moisture-proof seal for hair, the member and its extension, and an outlet from the casing for spent steam after it has acted upon the hair.

14. In the art of waving hair by passing steam through the coiled hair, a device for retaining the hair in coiled condition and for guiding the steam with relation tothe hair so coiled, the device including a member on which the hair is to be wound, a casing for the member, the casing receiving the member and the coiled hair, the member having an extension and a recessed central portion, and a passage extending therethrough, a plurality of discharge orifices opening at the outer surface of the member on which the hair is wound and communicating with the passage, a spring member for reception over the member to retain the hair in place thereon, the spring member, when in retaining position, seating immediately over the recessed central portion, the extension providing a supply conduit for the passage, the extension, when the member is assembled in the casing, extending outside of the casing, the casing, when closed, providing a moisture-proof seal for hair, the member and its extension, and an outlet from the casing for spent steam after it has acted upon the hair.

15. In the art of waving hair by passing steam through the coiled hair, a device for retaining the hair in coiled condition and for guiding the steam with relation to the hair so coiled, the device including a member on which the hair is to be wound, and a casing for the member, the casing receiving the member and the coiled hair thereon and providing a moisture-proof seal for hair and member, the casing consisting of a pair of sections hinged to each other, each section having a flanged edge, these flanges being brought together when the sections are hinged to closed position, and means on the flanges, brought together when the sections are closed together, to seal the casing against escape of moisture therefrom, the member having a portion extending from the casing when the sections are closed together, the sealing means being cut away to provide a moisture-sealed opening for the extending portion.

16. In the art of Waving hair by passing steam through the. coiled hair, a device for retaining the hair in coiled condition and for guiding the steam with relation to the hair so coiled, the device including a member on which the hair is to be wound, a casing for the member, the casing receiving the member and the coiled hair thereon and providing a moisture-proof seal for hair and member, the casing consisting of a pair of sections hinged to each other, each section having a flanged edge, these flanges being brought together when the sections are hinged to closed position, and means on the flanges, brought together when the sections are closed together, to seal the casing against escape of moisture therefrom, the member having a portion extending from the casing when the sections are closed together, the sealing means being cut away to provide a moisture-sealed opening for the extending portion, and an outlet from the casing for spent steam after it has acted upon the hair, the flanges being inturned and the outlet being positioned below the flanges so that moisture condensing within the casing will be retained in the lowermost section and be blown out of the casing through the outlet.

17. In the art of waving hair by passing steam through the coiled hair, a device for retaining the hair in coiled condition and for guiding the steam with relation to the hair so coiled, the

- device including a member on which the hair is to be wound, and a casing for the member, the casing consisting of a pair of sections and each section having an open mouth, the sections being hingedly related to each other at a pair of the edges defining the mouths, all the edges having a flange thereat, and, when the casing is closed, being directly contacted, each flange extending into the, chamber of the casing beyond the wall of the section with which it is associated, the flanges at the hinged edges being deformed to provide an opening for the casing.

18. In the art of waving hair by passing steam through the coiled hair, a device for retaining the hair in coiled condition and for guiding the steam with relationto the hair so coiled, the device including a member on which the hair is to be wound, and a casing for the member, the casing receiving the member and the hair coiled thereon, the member having a passage extending therethrough, and being provided with an angularly bent extension capable of rotation relative to the member, and a plurality of discharge orifices opening at the outer surface of the member on which the hair is wound and communicating with the passage, the extension providing a supply conduit for the passage, the extension, when the member is assembled in the casing, extending outsideof the casing, the casing, when closed, providing a moisture-proof seal for hair, the member and its extension.

19. In the art of waving hair by passing steam through the coiled hair, a device for retaining the hair in coiled condition and for guiding the steam with relation to the hair so coiled, the device including a member on which the hair is to be Wound, and a casing for the member, the casing receiving the member and the hair coiled thereon, the member having a passage extending therethrough, and being provided with an angularly bent extension capable of rotation relative to the member, a stufiing box between the member and the extension frictionally resisting such relative rotation, and a plurality of discharge orifices opening at the outer'surface of the member on which the hair is wound and communicating with the passage, the extension providing a supply conduit for the'passage, the extension, When the member is assembled in the casing, extending outside of the'casing, the casing, when closed, providing a moisture-proof seal for hair, the member and its extension.

20. In the art of waving hair by passing steam through the coiled hair, a device for retaining the hair in coiled condition and for guiding the steam with relation to the hair so coiled, the device including a member on which the hair is to be wound and having a passage extending therethrough, an angularly bent tubular element extending from the member, and a' casing for the member, the casing consisting of a pair "of sections and each section having an open mouth, the sections being hing-edly related to each other at a pair of the edges defining the mouths, all the edges, when the casing is closed, being directly contacted, the casing receiving the member and the hair coiled thereon, and the element then protruding beyond the casing between the hingedly related edges for connection of a steam supply to the device to provide a supply conduit for the passage, means on the edges to seal the casing against escape of moisture past the edges or around the protruding element, and a plurality of discharge orifices opening at the outer surface of the member on which the hair is wound and communicating with the passage, the casing, when closed, providing a moisture-proof seal for hair, the member and the element.

21. In apparatus for producing a wave in the hair, the apparatus including a source of supply for steam, an upwardly directed steam conduit connected to the source of steam supply, means for supporting devices in position relative to the head of one whose hair is to be waved, means forming a connection from the upwardly directed portion of the conduit to place the supporting means and the conduit in communication and to retain the supporting means suspended at a predetermined distance above the hair to be waved, and angularly upwardly directed deviations in the conduit to cause precipitation of moisture from steam passing through the conduit.

22. In the art of producing a wave in hair by subjecting it to the action of steam, apparatus for bringing the steam into effective relation to the hair to be waved, the apparatus including a manifold, means for delivering steam to the manifold, and a plurality of steam conductors for the reception of devices to retain the hair for the curling operation, the conductors being connected to the manifold, the connection of the conductors to the manifold being constructed so that steam must change its direction of movement within the manifold and move upwardly to enter the conductors.

23. In the art of producing a wave in hair by subjecting it to the action of steam, apparatus for bringing the steam into effective relation to the hair to be waved, the apparatus including a manifold, means for delivering steam to the manifold through the top of the manifold, a plurality of steam conductors for the reception of devices to retain the hair for the curling operation, the conductors being connected to the manifold, the connection of the conductors to the manifold being constructed so that steam must change its direction of movement within the manifold and move upwardly to enter the conductors, and an outlet from the manifold, the outlet being disposed immediately opposite the means delivering steam to the manifold.

24. In the art of producing a wave in hair by subjecting it to the action of steam, apparatus for bringing the steam into effective relation to the hair to be waved, the apparatus including a manifold, means for delivering steam to the manifold through the top of the manifold, a plurality of steam conductors for the reception of devices to retain the hair for the curling operation, the conductors being connected to the manifold, the connection of the conductors to the manifold being constructed so that steam must change its direction of movement within the manifold and move upwardly to enter the conductors, and an outlet from the manifold, the

outlet being disposed immediately opposite the means delivering steam to the manifold but removed from the points of connection of the conductors to the manifold.

25. Apparatus for applying steam directly to hair for the purpose of imparting a wave to the hair, the apparatus including a device for retaining the hair in coiled condition, the device including a member on which the hair is to be wound, and a casing for the member, the casing being constructed to receive the member and the coiled hair, the member having a recessed portion for reception of the coiled hair, and a plurality of orifices opening through the member at the recessed portion, the casing, when closed, providing a moisture-proof seal for the hair and the member, the device and thecasing being formed to guide the steam through the coiled hair.

26. Apparatus for applying steam directly to hair for the purpose of imparting a wave to the hair, the apparatus including a device for retaining the hair in coiled condition, the device including a member on which the hair is to be wound, a casing for the member, the casing being constructed to receive the member and the coiled hair, a plurality of orifices opening through the member at the position of the wound hair, the casing, when closed, providing a moisture-proof seal for the hair and the member, and a clamp for reception over the member to retain the hair in place thereon, the device and the casing being formed to guide the steam through the coiled hair.

27. Apparatus for applying steam directly to hair for the purpose of imparting a wave to the hair, the apparatus including a device for retaining the hair in coiled condition and for guiding the steam relatively to the hair so retained, the device including a member on which the hair is to be wound, a casing for the member, the casing being constructed to receive the member and the coiled hair, a plurality of orifices opening through the memberv at the position of the wound hair, the casing, when closed, providing a moisture-proof seal for the hair and the member, and a perforated spring clamp for reception over the member to retain the hair in place thereon.

28. In apparatus for waving hair by steam, the

apparatus comprising a steam generator including a boiler, a steam conduit extending upwardly away from the boiler, a manifold secured to the upwardly extending conduit and thereby supported to sustain it at a predetermined distance above and in position relative to the head of one whose hair is to be waved, and angularly upwardly directed deviations in the conduit to cause precipitation of moisture from steam passing through the conduit.

29. In apparatus for waving hair by steam, the apparatus comprising a steam generator including a boiler, a steam conduit leading upwardly away from the boiler, an outward extension for the conduit, a manifold secured to the was; 9

upwardly extending conduit and thereby supported to sustain it at a predetermined distance above and in position relative to the head of one whose hair is to be waved, and a plurality of steam conductors for the reception of devices to retain the hair for the curling operation, the conductors communicating with the manifold at the upper portionthereof.

31. In apparatus for waving hair by steam, the apparatus comprising a steam generator including a boiler, a steam conduit extending upwardly away from the boiler, a manifold secured 'to the upwardly extending conduit and thereby supported to sustain it at a predetermined distance above and in position relative to the head of one whose hair is to be waved, and a plurality of steam conductors for the reception of devices to retain the hair for the curling operation, the conductors communicating with the manifold at the upper portion thereof, and the conduit being in communication with the manifold at the top portion thereof and spaced away from the points of entry into the conductors from the manifold.

32. In apparatus for waving hair by steam, the apparatus comprising a steam generator including a boiler, a steam conduit extending upwardly away from theboiler, an horizontally disposed manifold secured to the upwardly extending conduit and thereby supported to sustain it at a predetermined distance above and in position relative to the head of one whose hair is to be waved, and a plurality of steam conductors for the reception of devices to retain the hair for the curling operation, the conductors communicating with the manifold at the upper portion thereof, the conduit being in communication with the manifold at the top portion thereof and spaced away from the points of entry into the conductors from the manifold.

33. In apparatus for waving hair by steam, the apparatus comprising a steam generator including a boiler, a steamconduit extending upwardly away from the boiler, an horizontally disposed tubular member secured to the upwardly extending conduit and thereby supported to sustain it at a predetermined distance above and in position relative to the head of one whose hair is to be waved, and a plurality of steam conductors for the reception of devices to retainthe hair for the curling operation, the conductors communicating with the tubular member at the upper portion thereof, the conduit being in communica tion with the tubular member substantially medially of the top portion thereof, between sets of, and spaced away from the points of entry into, the conductor inlets from the tubular member.

34. In apparatus for waving hair by steam, the apparatus comprising a steam generator including a boiler, a steam conduit extending upwardly away from the boiler, an horizontally disposed tubular member secured to the upwardly extending conduit and thereby supported to sustain it at a predetermined distance above and in position relative to the head of one whose hair is to be waved, a plurality of steam conductors for the reception of devices to retain the hair for the curling operation, the conductors communicating with the tubular member at the upper portion thereof, and the conduit being in communication with the tubular member substantially medially of the top portion thereof, between sets of, and spaced away from the points of entry into, the conductor inlets from the tubular member, so that steam from the conduit must move downwardly into the tubular member, then along the member and then upwardly into the inlets to the conductors.

35. "In the art of waving hair bypassing steam through the coiled hair, a' device for retaining the hair in coiled condition and for guiding the steam with relation to the hair so coiled, the device including a member on which the hair is to be wound, and a casing for the member, the casing receiving the member and the coiled hair thereon and providing a moisture-proof seal for hair and member, the member being formed for passage of steam 'therethrough and to direct the steam through the hair coiled thereon.-

36. In the art of waving hair by passing steam through the coiled hair, a device for retaining the hair in coiled condition and for guiding the steam with relation to the hair so coiled, the device including a member on which, the hair is to be wound, and a casing for the member, thecasing receiving the member and the coiled hair thereon and providinga moisture-proof seal for hair and'member, steam being admitted to the casing through the member and the member being formed for'passage of steam therethrough and to "direct the steam through the hair coiled thereon.

37. Inthe art of waving hair by passing steam through the coiled hair, a device for retaining the hair in coiled condition and for guiding the steam with relation to the hair so'coiled, the device including a member on which the hair is to be wound, a casing for the member, the casing receiving the member and the coiled hair thereon, the member having a closed end passage extending therethrough, and an extension therefrom, the extension providing a supply conduit for the passage, the extension, when the member is assembled in the casing, extending outside of the casing, the casing; when closed, providing a moisture-proof seal for hair, the member and its extension. I

38. In the art of waving hair by passing steam through the coiled hair, a device for retaining the hair in coiled condition andfor guiding the steam with relation to the hair so coiled, the device including a member on which the hair is to be wound, a casing for the member, the casing receiving the member and the coiled hair thereon, the member having a closed end passage extending therethrough, and a plurality of discharge orifices opening at the outer surface of the member on which the hair is wound and communicating with the passage, the casing, when closed, providing a moisture-proof seal for hair andthe member.

39. In the art of waving hair by passingsteam through the coiled hair, a device for retaining the hair in coiled condition and for guiding the steam with relation to the hair so coiled, the device including a member on whichthe'hair is to be wound, and a casing for the member, the casing receiving the member and the coiled hair thereon and providing a moisture-proof seal for hair and member, the casing consisting of a pair of sections hinged to each other, each section having a flanged edge, these flanges being brought together when the sections are hinged to closed position, and means on the flanges, brought together when the sections are closed together, to seal the casing against escape of moisture therefrom.

40. In the art of waving hair by passing steam through the coiled hair, a device for retaining the hair in coiled condition and for guiding the steam with relation to the hair so coiled, the device including a member on which'the hair is to be wound, a casing for the member, the casing receiving the member andithe coiled hair thereon and providing a moisture-proof seal for hair and member, the casing consisting of a pair of sections hinged to each other, each section having a flanged edge, these flanges being brought together when the sections are hinged to closed position, and means on the flanges, brought together when the sections are closed together, to

seal the casing against escape of moisture therefrom, and an outlet from the casing for spent steam after it has acted upon the hair, the flanges being inturned and the outlet being positioned below the flanges so thatmoisture condensing within the casing will be retained in the lowermost section and be blown out of the casing through the outlet.

41. In the art of. waving hair by passing steam through the coiled hair, a device for retaining the hair in coiled condition and'for guiding the steam with relation to the hair so coiled, the device including a member on which the hair is to be Wound, and a casing for the member, the casing consisting of a pair of sections, each section having an open mouth, the sections being hingedly related to each other at a pair of the edges defining the mouths, the member having a passage extending therethrough and being provided with an angularly bent extension capable of rotation relative to the member, a stuifing box between the member and the extension frictionally resisting such relative rotation, the casing receiving the member and the hair coiled thereon, and the extension then'prot'ruding beyond the casing between the hingedly related edges for a connection of a steam supply to the device, and aplurality or" discharge orifices opening at the outer sur face of the member on which the hair is wound and communicating with the passage.

42. In the art of waving hair by subjecting the hair to the action of steam, a device for retaining the hair in coiled condition while subjected to the action of steam, the device including a member on which the hair is to be wound, and a casing for the member and the'hair wound thereon, the casing being formed to be removably disposed over a member, an inlet to and an outlet from the device for steam,'both inlet and outlet,

when the device has been arranged upon the head of one whosehair-is to be waved, extending laterally away from the head.

43. In the art of waving hair by subjecting the hair to the action of steam, a device for reoutlet from the device for steam, both inlet and outlet, when the device has been arranged upon the head of one whose hair is to be waved, extending laterally away from the head, and the outlet opening then from the bottommost portion of the casing.

44. In the art or" waving hair by subjecting the hair to the action of steam, a device for retaining the hair in coiled condition while subjected to the action of steam, the device including a member on which the hair is to be wound, the member having an extension, and a casing for the member and the hair wound thereon, the casing being formed to be removably disposed over'a member with the extension projecting externally beyond the casing, an outlet from the casing for steam, the extension providing an inlet to the casing for steam, both extension and outlet, when the device has been arranged upon the head of one whose hair is to be waved, extending laterally away from the head.

45. In the art of waving hair by subjecting the hair to the action of steam, a device for retaining the hair in coiled condition while subjected to the action of steam, the device including a member on which the hair is to be wound, the member having an extension, and a casing for the member and the hair wound thereon, the casing being formed to be removably disposed over a member with the extension projecting externally beyond the casing, an outlet from the casing for steam, the extension and the member having a continuous passage therethrough so that steam may be conducted therethrough, through the coiled hair, and into the casing, both extension and outlet, when the device has been arranged upon the head of one whose hair is to be waved, extending laterally away from the head.

46. In the art of waving hair by subjecting the hair to the action of steam, a device for retaining the hair in coiled condition while subjected to the action of steam, the device including a member on which the hair 'is to be wound, the member having an extension, and a casing for the member and the hair wound thereon, the casing being formed to be removably disposed over a member with the extension projecting externally beyond the casing, an outlet from the casing for steam, the extension and the member having a continuous passage t-herethrough so that steam may be conducted therethrough, throughthe coiled hair, and into the casing, both extension and outlet, when the device has been arranged upon the head of one whose'hair is to be waved, extending laterally away from the head, the outlet opening from the bottommost portion of the casing.

HERMAN MEIER.

ERICI-I GRI'iNDMANN. 

